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An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac on an ovary. Ovarian cysts are very common. In many cases, the cysts go away without treatment within a few months. Sometimes they require medical treatment.
At Dignity Health, our experienced, compassionate gynecologists diagnose and treat ovarian cysts as part of our women’s health services. Find a Doctor near you today.
Many ovarian cysts do not cause any symptoms. In fact, you may not know you have one unless it’s noticed on an imaging test (such as an ultrasound) that is ordered for another reason.
The most common signs and symptoms of ovarian cysts include:
See your doctor immediately if you experience sudden, severe pain, with or without bleeding. These symptoms can occur if an ovarian cyst ruptures. In this case, immediate medical attention is necessary to control bleeding and preserve your health.
Cysts are small, fluid-filled sacs that can form anywhere in the body.
Most ovarian cysts occur due to ovulation, the process by which an ovary releases an egg. Typically, eggs develop in cyst-like structures called follicles. During ovulation, the follicle bursts and releases the egg. Sometimes, the follicle does not release the egg but continues to grow. This is called a functional cyst. Functional cysts are generally harmless but can cause pain.
Endometriosis is another potential cause of ovarian cysts. Endometriosis can cause the endometrium (lining of the uterus) to grow abnormally by attaching to the ovaries and causing a cyst.
Other causes of ovarian cysts include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), severe pelvic infections, and pregnancy complications. The use of fertility drugs also increases the risk of developing ovarian cysts. Rarely, an ovarian cyst may be cancerous.
There are several different types of ovarian cysts. Functional cysts occur when a normal monthly follicle continues to grow. There are two types of functional cysts:
Other types of cysts can form that are not related to regular menstrual cycles:
Anyone who ovulates can get ovarian cysts, but the following risk factors increase the likelihood:
Ovarian cysts cannot be prevented, but there are steps you can take to monitor your health. Ovarian cancer symptoms often mimic ovarian cyst symptoms, so it is essential to visit your doctor if you are at all concerned. If you notice any of the following symptoms, talk to your healthcare provider for further testing:
Most ovarian cysts are not cancerous and go away on their own. Regular check-ups with your gynecologist will help detect any changes to your health.
The information contained in this article is meant for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from your healthcare provider.